綜合寫作，包括閱讀、聽力、寫作這三個(gè)部分。該部分模擬了課前閱讀材料（對(duì)應(yīng)綜合閱讀）、課上教授講解（對(duì)應(yīng)綜合聽力）、課后完成paper(對(duì)應(yīng)綜合寫作)的實(shí)際學(xué)習(xí)場景。

一、考試流程

第一步：學(xué)生在3分鐘內(nèi)讀完一篇學(xué)術(shù)類文章，大概300字。第二步：文章暫時(shí)消失，學(xué)生會(huì)聽到一篇跟閱讀文章相關(guān)的講座音頻，音頻也大概為3分鐘。第三步：學(xué)生需要在20分鐘內(nèi)，總結(jié)閱讀和聽力部分信息。完成該部分時(shí)，閱讀文章將會(huì)重現(xiàn)。

綜合寫作字?jǐn)?shù)要求：官方建議綜合寫作部分字?jǐn)?shù)在150-225。字?jǐn)?shù)較少，意味著很多細(xì)節(jié)沒有講清楚，會(huì)扣分。字?jǐn)?shù)太多，不扣分，但語言啰嗦，語法錯(cuò)誤數(shù)也會(huì)增多。語言盡量做到言簡意賅。建議字?jǐn)?shù)在200-250之間。

二、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

5分：閱讀部分準(zhǔn)確把握要點(diǎn)，聽力的3個(gè)觀點(diǎn)和例子全寫清楚，閱讀和聽力關(guān)系闡述清楚。只要不影響理解，可以容忍一些語言上的小錯(cuò)誤。4分：閱讀部分準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)要點(diǎn)，若大段抄寫原文會(huì)扣分。聽力寫出3個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，但一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)里的細(xì)節(jié)寫錯(cuò)、漏掉或表達(dá)含糊。閱讀和聽力之間關(guān)系有闡述不明之處。3分：閱讀部分準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)要點(diǎn)，若大段抄寫原文會(huì)扣分。聽力只說出了2個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，缺失一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)中的核心內(nèi)容，或有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)含糊其辭。閱讀和聽力間關(guān)系有闡述不清或有錯(cuò)。2分：大段抄寫閱讀內(nèi)容。聽力遺漏或?qū)戝e(cuò)2個(gè)重要要點(diǎn)。閱讀和聽力之間的關(guān)系沒有闡述清楚，或只闡述自己觀點(diǎn)。出現(xiàn)較多語法錯(cuò)誤。1分：寫出閱讀和聽力中的只言片語。

相對(duì)來說，綜合寫作對(duì)語法的容忍性較高，其更看重的是內(nèi)容的完整性和準(zhǔn)確性。也就是說，偶爾的語法錯(cuò)誤并不影響得分，用詞和復(fù)雜句式無需過高要求，學(xué)生應(yīng)該把精力放在閱讀和聽力材料的信息提取、話題整合上。

寫作評(píng)分中Good對(duì)應(yīng)4.0-5.0分；Fair對(duì)應(yīng) 2.5-3.5分。如果寫作想要到24+，綜合寫作必須是good。

三、題材分類：

綜合寫作文章通常包括社會(huì)科學(xué)類、自然科學(xué)類、生命科學(xué)類。

社會(huì)科學(xué)類文章常討論的話題是：能源使用、文化藝術(shù)、商業(yè)決策等；

自然科學(xué)類往往關(guān)注天文化、考古發(fā)現(xiàn)等；

生命科學(xué)類關(guān)注動(dòng)植物的生長特征、行為方式等。

四、答題方法

01 閱讀

閱讀：帶著目標(biāo)閱讀文章，提取主觀點(diǎn)和三個(gè)分觀點(diǎn)（1+3原則）閱讀文章通常為四段式的總分結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)句, 而在二、三、四主體段首句出現(xiàn)分論點(diǎn)。

讀得慢的同學(xué)，先重點(diǎn)留意特殊位置中的總結(jié)句和觀點(diǎn)句，簡要把關(guān)鍵詞寫在紙上。余下的時(shí)間，去補(bǔ)充每個(gè)主體段的細(xì)節(jié)。閱讀部分不需要記太多筆記，讀懂更重要。你可以基于讀到的內(nèi)容預(yù)測聽力話題。

閱讀TIPS:

如果閱讀中有術(shù)語或?qū)Ｓ忻~，自己先嘗試發(fā)音。這樣后面聽聽力時(shí)，不至于愣神反應(yīng)不過來這個(gè)單詞說什么。

02 聽力

聽力：先確定聽力觀點(diǎn)是支持還是反對(duì)閱讀觀點(diǎn)，再一一聽具體理由。

要注意，官方指南明確指出聽力觀點(diǎn)可支持或反對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容。但所有的TPO題目中，無一例外，聽力部分總是反駁閱讀觀點(diǎn)。所以，聽力部分的重點(diǎn)就放在細(xì)節(jié)上。

而聽力部分對(duì)閱讀反駁順序，與閱讀觀點(diǎn)一一對(duì)應(yīng)。那，你在聽的時(shí)候，就可以和閱讀每段對(duì)應(yīng)，一一去聽反駁閱讀的細(xì)節(jié)，并建議做筆記。

聽力筆記TIPS：

簡潔+清晰+結(jié)構(gòu)每一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)中，一般會(huì)有5-10個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。如果記太多，會(huì)影響聽力。筆記盡量豎排，而不是橫排。橫排筆記會(huì)顯得雜亂無章。聽力部分以聽懂為主，再盡可能地把所有細(xì)節(jié)記全、記清楚。聽力力爭還原，優(yōu)先記名詞，動(dòng)詞用符號(hào)表示。

03 寫作

寫作部分共分為三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

1.閱讀信息2.聽力信息3.閱讀和聽力之間的關(guān)系

作文中不可照抄閱讀原句，但可寫出聽力文稿。綜合寫作可依據(jù)模板來規(guī)劃閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系。參考模板示范：

The reading and the listening have contradictory opinions about….According to the reading, …..yet the listening holds the opposite opinions.First，the reading passage states that… In contrast, the lecture states that….Because he believes that…Second, the lecture argues that… The reading, however, mentions …. It points out that…Finally, with regard to…., the lecture argue against …. because… However, the reading support its statement by....

寫作文章是傳統(tǒng)的總分結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段話introduction，表達(dá)出閱讀和聽力間關(guān)系，一兩句話搞定即可。后三個(gè)主體段，寫分論點(diǎn)，最后，不用寫結(jié)尾，也無需發(fā)表任何個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。

總體來說，把聽力部分寫得越清楚的同學(xué)，越有可能得高分。實(shí)際寫作中，若模板句式不可取，就不要生搬硬套。注意，模版在寫作練習(xí)中的靈活變通。

建議每個(gè)同學(xué)根據(jù)個(gè)人寫作習(xí)慣，整理出專屬模版。常見的同意改寫詞組：

閱讀稱呼：the reading, the passage, the author, the writer聽力稱呼：the listening, the lecture, the speaker, the professor, the instructor, the teacher話題/問題：issue, matter, topic, problem, subject提出觀點(diǎn)：argue, contend, suggest, indicate, propose, assert, discuss, introduce, claim, maintain, state, present, point out,反駁觀點(diǎn)：disagree, disapprove, doubt, deny, refute, contradict, reject, oppose, object to, case doubt on…,轉(zhuǎn)折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, while對(duì)比比較：while, whereas, by contrast, contrary to…, rather than, instead of…, unlike并列觀點(diǎn)：moreover，in addition, furthermore, besides, also…因果內(nèi)容：because, this is because, since, therefore, so, as a result五、寫作范文示范：

?? TPO50綜合寫作：

The reading portion of the material tells us the problems that are associated with the two yearlong travel that would happen if mankind were to visit Mars. Conversely the listening piece offers solutions to the problems presented by the long travel time. All of the solutions presented are reasonable and well-practiced already. （指出閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系）

The first problem presented is that the amount of food, water, and oxygen, needed for a trip of that duration would not fit on the limited size of the spacecraft traveled on. The solution provided by the professor from the listening is a food storage technique called Hydroponics. Using hydroponics can use water instead of soil to grow and harvest crop which saves a lot of space. Another added benefit of this technique is that plants can recycle wastewater and absorb carbon dioxide allowing for more clean water and breathable air. Both are necessary for the two-year long trip. （閱讀觀點(diǎn)1+聽力反對(duì)理由1）

The long duration of time in a zero-gravity environment presented by the reading portion is another hurdle that needs to be cleared on the trip to Mars. That much time spent in zero gravity leads to lost muscle mass and reduced bone density. The solution to this problem is quite simple according to the professor from the listening potion. She states that astronauts already spend months in zero gravity on the space shuttle. To combat muscle loss, they perform daily exercises and take vitamins and minerals such as calcium to slow the bone density loss. （閱讀觀點(diǎn)2+聽力反對(duì)理由2）

The final hurdle that needs to be cleared according to the reading is the dangerous levels of space radiation the astronauts on the Mars mission would be exposed to. The professor giving the lecture states this issue would be easily solved. Space radiation is mostly released by the sun and is only released in dangerous amounts intermittently. The craft could contain a small shelter that the crew could hide in when radiation levels reach a dangerous level. When the radiation levels are safe, they could about their business as normal. This shelter would not take up much room or add much weight to space craft. （閱讀觀點(diǎn)3+聽力反對(duì)理由3）

六、寫作建議

實(shí)戰(zhàn)是鍛煉能力的最好方法。建議寫5-10篇綜合寫作，熟悉寫作套路。

寫作是托福四個(gè)單科中套路最深的一個(gè)，完全可以通過短時(shí)間內(nèi)突破，千萬別讓寫作變成你的拖分項(xiàng)。

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